Justice League
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Justice League (disambiguation).
| Justice League | |
|---|---|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| First appearance | The Brave and the Bold #28 (March 1960) |
| Created by | Gardner Fox |
| In-story information | |
| Base(s) | The Hall and the Satellite Watchtower The Refuge JLI Embassies Detroit Bunker Satellite Secret Sanctuary |
| Roster | |
| See:List of Justice League members | |
The Justice League is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. First appearing in The Brave and the Bold #28 (February/March 1960), the Justice League originally featured Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern,Aquaman, and the Martian Manhunter. The team roster has been rotated throughout the years with characters such as Green Arrow, Captain Atom,Captain Marvel, Black Canary, The Atom, Hawkman, Firestorm, Zatanna,Hawkgirl, Cyborg, Vixen, Plastic Man, and dozens of others. Sidekicks likeSupergirl, Robin, Aquagirl, and Speedy tend to support their respective mentors.
The team received its own title called Justice League of America in October 1960, which ran until 1987. A second volume ran from 2006 to 2011, and the current series called Justice League has been in publication since October 2011. Since its incarnation, the Justice League has been featured in various DC Comics-related media and merchandise.
Contents
- 1 Background
- 2 Publication history
- 3 Various origins of the Justice League
- 4 Enemies
- 5 Related series
- 6 Awards
- 7 Collected editions
- 7.1 Silver Age Justice League of America
- 7.2 Justice League/Justice League International/Justice League America(1987–1996)
- 7.3 JLA (1997-2006)
- 7.4 Justice League of America (vol. 2) (2006–2011)
- 7.5 The New 52 Justice League (vol. 2) (2011-present)
- 7.6 The New 52 Justice League of America (vol. 3) (2013-2014)
- 7.7 Miscellaneous reprints
- 8 Attractions
- 9 In other media
- 10 See also
- 11 References
- 12 External links
Background[edit]
Various comic book series featuring the Justice League have remained generally popular with fans since inception and, in most incarnations, its roster includes DC's most popular characters. The Justice League concept has also been adapted into various other entertainment media, including the classic Saturday morning Super Friends animated series (1973–1986), an unproducedJustice League of America live-action series (for which the pilot film exists), the animated series Justice League (2001–2004) and Justice League Unlimited(2004–2006). A live-action film was in the works in 2008 before being shelved. On June 6, 2012, Warner Bros. announced a new live action Justice Leaguefilm was in development with Will Beall hired as screenwriter. However, the project was scrapped again. After the success of the Superman reboot Man of Steel, a sequel titled Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. Zack Snyder will direct and Chris Terrio, who also wrote for Dawn of Justice, is eyed by Warner Bros. to pen the script for Justice League.[1]
Publication history[edit]
Having successfully reintroduced a number of DC Comics' (then known as National Periodical Publications) Golden Age superhero characters (Flash, Green Lantern, etc.) during the late 1950s, editor Julius Schwartz asked writer Gardner Foxto reintroduce the Justice Society of America. Schwartz, influenced by the popularity of Major League Baseball's National League and American League, decided to change the name of the team from Justice Society to Justice League.[2] The Justice League of America debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 (February–March 1960),[3] and after two further appearances in that title, got their own series which quickly became one of the company's best-selling titles.[4] Fox and artistMike Sekowsky were the creative team for the title's first eight years. Sekowsky's last issue was #63 (June 1968) and Fox departed with #65 (September 1968). Schwartz was the new title's editor and oversaw it until 1979.[5]
Silver and Bronze Age / Justice League of America[edit]
| Justice League of America | |
|---|---|
Cover to Justice League of America #1.
Art by Mike Sekowsky. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Bi-Monthly: #1-8; #105-116 8 Times a Year: #9-32; #96-104 9 Times a Year: #33-95 Monthly: #117-261 |
| Format | Ongoing |
| Genre | |
| Publication date | November–December 1960 – April 1987 |
| Number of issues | 261 and 3 Annuals |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Gardner Fox Dennis O'Neil Len Wein Steve Englehart Gerry Conway |
| Penciller(s) | Mike Sekowsky Dick Dillin George Pérez |
| Inker(s) | Sid Greene Dick Giordano Frank McLaughlin |
| Creator(s) | Gardner Fox Mike Sekowsky |
The initial Justice League lineup included seven of DC Comics' superheroes who were regularly published at that time: Superman,Batman, Aquaman, Flash, Green Lantern,Martian Manhunter, and Wonder Woman. Rarely featured in most of the stories, Superman and Batman did not even appear on the cover most of the time. Three of DC's other surviving or revived characters, Green Arrow,[6] the Atom,[7] and Hawkman[8] were added to the roster over the next four years.
The title's early success was indirectly responsible for the creation of the Fantastic Four. In his autobiography Stan Lee relates how in 1961, during a round of golf, DC publisher Jack Liebowitzmentioned to Marvel-Timely owner Martin Goodman how well DC's new book (Justice League) was selling. Later that day Goodman, a publishing trend-follower aware of the JLA's strong sales, told Lee, his comics editor, to come up with a team of superheroes for Marvel. According to Lee inOrigins of Marvel Comics:[9]
Goodman directed his comics editor, Stan Lee, to create a comic-book series about a team of superheroes. Lee and Jack Kirby produced theFantastic Four.[10]
Other versions of the story suggest that it was Irwin Donenfeld, rather than Liebowitz, who bragged. However, film producer and comics historianMichael Uslan partly debunked the story in a letter published in Alter Ego#43 (December 2004), pp. 43–44:
The Justice League operated from a secret cave outside of the small town of Happy Harbor, Rhode Island. A teenager named Lucas "Snapper" Carr tagged along on missions, becoming both the team's mascot and an official member. Snapper, noted for speaking in beatnik dialect and snapping his fingers, helped the group defeat the giant space starfishStarro the Conqueror in the team's first appearance.
The supervillain Doctor Light first battled the team in issue #12 (June 1962).[11] Justice League of America #21 and #22 (August–September 1963) saw the first team-up of the Justice League and the Justice Society of America as well as the first use of the term "Crisis" in reference to a crossover between characters.[12] The following year's team-up with the Justice Society introduced the threat of the Crime Syndicate of America of Earth-Three.[13] The character Metamorpho was offered membership in the Justice League but declined.[14] Following the departures of Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky, writer Denny O'Neil and artist Dick Dillin became the new creative team. Dillin would draw the title from issue #64 (August 1968) through #183 (October 1980).[15]
O'Neil reshaped the Justice League's membership by removing Wonder Woman in issue #69 and the Martian Manhunter in issue #71.[16] Following the JLA-JSA team-up in issues #73-74 and the death of her husband, the Black Canary decided to move to Earth-One to make a fresh start, where she joins the Justice League.[17] The following issue saw the character develop the superpower known as her "canary cry".[18] In issue #77 (December 1969), Snapper Carr is tricked into betraying the cave headquarters' secret location to the Joker, resulting in his resignation from the team.[19]
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